We have the present tense and imperfect tenses now mastered. Let's learn another tense that is still classed in the present system: the future tense. Meanwhile, watch this video on all six tenses giving the theory of tenses that now exist in all Romance languages. Not all languages have six tenses, like Latin and its Romance languages, some have more and some less. Russian has three tenses: present, future and past. Chinese has one tense and communicates time changes with adverbs such as: tomorrow (future tense), yesterday (past tense). Ours is a Western language, both English and Latin, based on Latin so it has six tenses.
Here is a picture of what arches allow for interior space construction discussed earlier. The interior span is open with no supporting pillars blocking the view, the side buttresses support the roof's spansive weight.
Now, our mission today, the future tense. Watch this video specific to the tense. It's a little different in the third and fourth conjugations verbs but you'll see how it all makes sense. You can follow along on page 201 in our textbook.
Now, our mission today, the future tense. Watch this video specific to the tense. It's a little different in the third and fourth conjugations verbs but you'll see how it all makes sense. You can follow along on page 201 in our textbook.
Do these two exercises on future tense forms:
Futures
Now look on page 205, here are some of the very few irregular verbs in Latin. All languages have irregular verbs but Latin has very few of them. Fortunately, the Latin irregulars are repeating of each other making all of it even easier. Compare the forms on page 205 and do this:
Futures Continued
So, it it a future tense or a present tense? That depends on the conjugation. Try this for learning it.
Present or Future
Since there is more likely to be confusion with the second and third conjugation verbs as both use 'e' as either a connective vowel or the future tense, do this exercise to clarify the difference.
Second and Third Conjugations
Ok. Let's change direction here from verbs to adjectives. Did you know that adjectives can become, or at least be used as, nouns? They are then called 'substantives' since there is an implied noun with the adjective, that is obvious to a Roman, and we just have to become aware of it.
Look on page 200 for 'Adjectives as Substantives' to see how adjectives such as 'multa, mira and omnia' are substantives. They are because each has no modified noun and in each instance the word 'things' is what is implied. 'Many, wonderful, and all things' is the meaning. It's like they are saying -- why say things? -- when we mean that by using a neuter plural ending. So they do not add the word for 'things' with the adjective. Try this exercise to see the point:
Substantives
Now for a multiple-choice choose the translation exercise. This will help reinforce all the above.
Multiple choice translation
Great Work so far. When the Cornelii family was approaching Rome they were traveling on the Via Appia, Appian Way, and their trip would have taken them on the sites in this video. They entered by one of Rome's main gates: Porta Capena. Click on the name to learn more about this important entrance.
Futures
Now look on page 205, here are some of the very few irregular verbs in Latin. All languages have irregular verbs but Latin has very few of them. Fortunately, the Latin irregulars are repeating of each other making all of it even easier. Compare the forms on page 205 and do this:
Futures Continued
So, it it a future tense or a present tense? That depends on the conjugation. Try this for learning it.
Present or Future
Since there is more likely to be confusion with the second and third conjugation verbs as both use 'e' as either a connective vowel or the future tense, do this exercise to clarify the difference.
Second and Third Conjugations
Ok. Let's change direction here from verbs to adjectives. Did you know that adjectives can become, or at least be used as, nouns? They are then called 'substantives' since there is an implied noun with the adjective, that is obvious to a Roman, and we just have to become aware of it.
Look on page 200 for 'Adjectives as Substantives' to see how adjectives such as 'multa, mira and omnia' are substantives. They are because each has no modified noun and in each instance the word 'things' is what is implied. 'Many, wonderful, and all things' is the meaning. It's like they are saying -- why say things? -- when we mean that by using a neuter plural ending. So they do not add the word for 'things' with the adjective. Try this exercise to see the point:
Substantives
Now for a multiple-choice choose the translation exercise. This will help reinforce all the above.
Multiple choice translation
Great Work so far. When the Cornelii family was approaching Rome they were traveling on the Via Appia, Appian Way, and their trip would have taken them on the sites in this video. They entered by one of Rome's main gates: Porta Capena. Click on the name to learn more about this important entrance.
Look on pages 199 and 200 for our vocabulary words. When ready do these exercises learning the forms.
vocabulary 1
vocabulary 2
vocabulary 3
Now looking at the picture on page 198. Is the Family happy to see the man? Whom do you think he may be? What is in the background behind the Family that they just left?
Translate the story of page 199-200 into your notebooks. The teacher is watching, you know!
Great Work so far. we near the end of our course and you have learned much.
Check out the video below about aquaducts complimenting the discussion on page 207. Remains of aquaducts are found all over Europe even today.
vocabulary 1
vocabulary 2
vocabulary 3
Now looking at the picture on page 198. Is the Family happy to see the man? Whom do you think he may be? What is in the background behind the Family that they just left?
Translate the story of page 199-200 into your notebooks. The teacher is watching, you know!
Great Work so far. we near the end of our course and you have learned much.
Check out the video below about aquaducts complimenting the discussion on page 207. Remains of aquaducts are found all over Europe even today.
pen/paper exercise
Chapter 23 Verb Practice “A”
1. curret
2. descendebant
3. egimus
4. conducam
5. stupebunt
6. advenisti
7. induebam
8. considetis
9. videmus
10. vidimus
11. videbamus
12. videbimus
13. curris
14. cucurrerunt
15. agebatis
16. agent
17. stupuit
18. conducet
19. descendistis
20. induunt
21. we will run
22. I will sit down
23. they drove
24. I will be amazed
25. He will hire
Chapter 23 Verb Practice
Worksheet “B”
Translate the following verbs:
1. admovisti
2. tradimus
3. discedent
4. ascendam
5. stabis
6. caditis
7. sumpserat
8. excipiebamus
9. currunt
10. descenderimus
11. ages
12. conducit
13. advenietis
14. induistis
15. considet
16. manebimus
17. faciam
18. videbant
19. miserant
20. habebit
21. dormient
22. est
23. erimus
24. stupebunt
25. feret
26. egisti
27. monstrabitis
28. steteris
29. sumemus
30. cecidi
31. stabamus
32. discedit
33. admovebis
34. tradideratis
35. erunt
Quizzes:
English to Latin Vocabulary Quiz
Future Tense Quiz
1. curret
2. descendebant
3. egimus
4. conducam
5. stupebunt
6. advenisti
7. induebam
8. considetis
9. videmus
10. vidimus
11. videbamus
12. videbimus
13. curris
14. cucurrerunt
15. agebatis
16. agent
17. stupuit
18. conducet
19. descendistis
20. induunt
21. we will run
22. I will sit down
23. they drove
24. I will be amazed
25. He will hire
Chapter 23 Verb Practice
Worksheet “B”
Translate the following verbs:
1. admovisti
2. tradimus
3. discedent
4. ascendam
5. stabis
6. caditis
7. sumpserat
8. excipiebamus
9. currunt
10. descenderimus
11. ages
12. conducit
13. advenietis
14. induistis
15. considet
16. manebimus
17. faciam
18. videbant
19. miserant
20. habebit
21. dormient
22. est
23. erimus
24. stupebunt
25. feret
26. egisti
27. monstrabitis
28. steteris
29. sumemus
30. cecidi
31. stabamus
32. discedit
33. admovebis
34. tradideratis
35. erunt
Quizzes:
English to Latin Vocabulary Quiz
Future Tense Quiz