Chapter 28 is found in book 2 of the Ecce Romani II series published by Longman (Pearson) starting with an important grammar lesson that is easily misunderstood. Relative pronouns are powerful tools to create new adjective-type expressions when a word does not yet exist to do the job. In a way, it's the relative pronoun that gives creative power to language to call new meaning into existence, and eventually new words. If we don't have a word for 'it' we use a clause introduced by a relative pronoun. With that power there comes confusion. It's a good idea to really learn relative pronouns, in English anyway, since they are common words in English and Latin that regularly become an error source for writers.
Let's start with a lesson on what they are in English, then we move to the Latin. In an ironic way the Latin will serve to clarify how they work in English and this is just one example where learning Latin really helps you know English.
Let's start with a lesson on what they are in English, then we move to the Latin. In an ironic way the Latin will serve to clarify how they work in English and this is just one example where learning Latin really helps you know English.
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It seems simple enough but the variety of ways a sentence can be written makes it more complex. Learning the Latin will help tremendously with the English. Follow along using the material on page 4.
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Let's get some practice with the relative pronoun forms. Use this link.
Now that you have some practice with the Latin forms, try using them in a sentence context, this will with your English. Link.
Here is a more challenging exercise on the same and related to the story we will translate. It's good to learn these thoroughly since they are used extensively in both Latin and English. Link.
Try this approach to the relatives. The more you do these the better you understand them.
This relative pronoun is so commonly misused that the New York Times has written about it in its self-critique on grammar errors. The column is called "After Deadline" because it's after the articles go to print when a more leisurely review of the text happens and that's when errors are found. So the Times actually writes about its own errors. Here is a column on errors they made with relative pronouns and it's worth the read as a reflection becoming more aware, from reflection, on how easy it is to make these mistakes. I like to add that at some point in your life you have to learn this to write correctly and clearly. Here is your chance to do that now and then you will have it for the rest of your life.
After the Deadline -- NYT
Let's lean the vocabulary, look at the words on page 3, study them then try this:
vocabulary
vocabulary 2
The video below is our culture lesson regarding Roman hair styles. Women, then, liked sophisticated styles and sometimes they are easy to do, if you know what you're doing. Read the discussion, of this, on page 7.
Now that you have some practice with the Latin forms, try using them in a sentence context, this will with your English. Link.
Here is a more challenging exercise on the same and related to the story we will translate. It's good to learn these thoroughly since they are used extensively in both Latin and English. Link.
Try this approach to the relatives. The more you do these the better you understand them.
This relative pronoun is so commonly misused that the New York Times has written about it in its self-critique on grammar errors. The column is called "After Deadline" because it's after the articles go to print when a more leisurely review of the text happens and that's when errors are found. So the Times actually writes about its own errors. Here is a column on errors they made with relative pronouns and it's worth the read as a reflection becoming more aware, from reflection, on how easy it is to make these mistakes. I like to add that at some point in your life you have to learn this to write correctly and clearly. Here is your chance to do that now and then you will have it for the rest of your life.
After the Deadline -- NYT
Let's lean the vocabulary, look at the words on page 3, study them then try this:
vocabulary
vocabulary 2
The video below is our culture lesson regarding Roman hair styles. Women, then, liked sophisticated styles and sometimes they are easy to do, if you know what you're doing. Read the discussion, of this, on page 7.
This next video is a hair archaeologist using the style of the fascinating Cleopatra of Egypt. It also reviews her involvement with Julius Caesar.
For men, the style was clean shaven of facial hair; although, that went in and out of fashion depending on who the Emperor was and whether he wanted to shave or not. In fact, 'barberoi' in Ancient Greek means 'hairy' since most men in the Ancient World did not shave and Ancients Greeks, who shaved like the Romans, met others who were, well, hairy. So the Ancient Greeks called them 'barbaroi' the derivative of barbarian and barber are related and you can see how.
Look below for a picture of an Ancient Roman razor, you can see how sharp it is even today. Metal objects are rare finds and would have been very expensive in the Ancient World. Notice the technical innovation even in this small razor that would have been necessary to create it and how rather modern it looks.
Now take on the translation of page 3 and email it to me numbering every sentence for reference. Take your time with it since recalling material from the first course may come slowly if your studies have been interrupted by summer. Be patient, much will return to you as you get back into the grove.
In your notebook, begin translating the story from page 3, number each sentence for reference later. Your notebook is very important for containing your work and exercises. Always keep it with you for this course.
Look below for a picture of an Ancient Roman razor, you can see how sharp it is even today. Metal objects are rare finds and would have been very expensive in the Ancient World. Notice the technical innovation even in this small razor that would have been necessary to create it and how rather modern it looks.
Now take on the translation of page 3 and email it to me numbering every sentence for reference. Take your time with it since recalling material from the first course may come slowly if your studies have been interrupted by summer. Be patient, much will return to you as you get back into the grove.
In your notebook, begin translating the story from page 3, number each sentence for reference later. Your notebook is very important for containing your work and exercises. Always keep it with you for this course.
chapter 28 vocabulary and relative pronoun quizzes
Go to this link ONLY when told by your teacher, there are two separate quizzes here, go to the one that applies. Do NOT answer questions using a personal pronoun (she, he, or it -- for example) nor use the article (the, a or an) in your answer.
chapter 28 vocabulary quiz
English to Latin vocabulary quiz
relative pronoun quiz
Information Form.
Information Form
chapter 28 vocabulary quiz
English to Latin vocabulary quiz
relative pronoun quiz
Information Form.
Information Form