The picture above is a Roman bed. Most furniture of Ancient Rome has not survived since it was made of wood. The iron bed above is different so it lasted and that is even rare. In the picture on page 148 concerning our story, what do you think Aurelia is complaining about?
In this Chapter we will learn the perfect tense in the third person singular and plural, the stem of verbs in the perfect tense, translation of the perfect tense and its identification. Look on page 150 and you will see examples, first present tense then perfect tense verbs, compared. They look similar but not. We earlier learned that the stem '-ba' on a verb creates the Imperfect Tense and is translated with 'was/were.' The Perfect Tense means completed action as in action the subject is not going to return to. 'Perfectus/a/um' is an adjective meaning 'complete' in Latin and the tense is appropriately named.
The Perfect is formed from the third principal part of the verb. Latin verbs have four principal parts, don't worry about the fourth for now since that is for the next course. Regarding the verbs, the first part is the present system, the second is the infinitive and the third is the perfect system. For example, here are several verbs listed with their three principal parts and conjugations:
Conjugation Present System Infinitive Perfect System
1 amo amare amavi
2 moveo movere movi
3 duco ducere duxi
4 audio audire audivi
As you can guess from the name, the Perfect Tense is formed from the Perfect stem that is the third principal part.
This video tells us about the Perfect Tense. Concentrate only on the discussion of the third person forms, singular and plural. The rest we will do later.
In this Chapter we will learn the perfect tense in the third person singular and plural, the stem of verbs in the perfect tense, translation of the perfect tense and its identification. Look on page 150 and you will see examples, first present tense then perfect tense verbs, compared. They look similar but not. We earlier learned that the stem '-ba' on a verb creates the Imperfect Tense and is translated with 'was/were.' The Perfect Tense means completed action as in action the subject is not going to return to. 'Perfectus/a/um' is an adjective meaning 'complete' in Latin and the tense is appropriately named.
The Perfect is formed from the third principal part of the verb. Latin verbs have four principal parts, don't worry about the fourth for now since that is for the next course. Regarding the verbs, the first part is the present system, the second is the infinitive and the third is the perfect system. For example, here are several verbs listed with their three principal parts and conjugations:
Conjugation Present System Infinitive Perfect System
1 amo amare amavi
2 moveo movere movi
3 duco ducere duxi
4 audio audire audivi
As you can guess from the name, the Perfect Tense is formed from the Perfect stem that is the third principal part.
This video tells us about the Perfect Tense. Concentrate only on the discussion of the third person forms, singular and plural. The rest we will do later.
Here is an exercise to check our understanding of the above, it focuses on the third persons only.
Perfect Tense
Do this exercise, the answers are in the word bank on the side and you drag them into the sentence gaps.
Sentence Fill-In
Now look at the vocabulary on page 149, learn the words and take on these exercises:
Vocabulary 1
Vocabulary 2
Vocabulary 3
Vocabulary 4
The video below is about Pompeii. Study the roads in this town discovering how complex they made their cities.
Perfect Tense
Do this exercise, the answers are in the word bank on the side and you drag them into the sentence gaps.
Sentence Fill-In
Now look at the vocabulary on page 149, learn the words and take on these exercises:
Vocabulary 1
Vocabulary 2
Vocabulary 3
Vocabulary 4
The video below is about Pompeii. Study the roads in this town discovering how complex they made their cities.
Now read the four pages about Roman Travel starting on page 154 then check your knowledge with this:
Roman Travel
Romans often left graffiti on walls regarding everything. On page 153 is some interesting graffiti concerning several inns. Usually this graffiti is found in Pompeii where the wall writing is well preserved for us to see.
Now we are at the point that you translate the story into your notebooks for checking by your teacher. Translate page 149 with every sentence numbered for reference. Look again at the picture on page 148 to give some idea of what the story is about.
Roman Travel
Romans often left graffiti on walls regarding everything. On page 153 is some interesting graffiti concerning several inns. Usually this graffiti is found in Pompeii where the wall writing is well preserved for us to see.
Now we are at the point that you translate the story into your notebooks for checking by your teacher. Translate page 149 with every sentence numbered for reference. Look again at the picture on page 148 to give some idea of what the story is about.
pen/paper exercise
Chapter 19 Verb Practice
I. Translate the verbs:
1. cenavimus
2. esuriebat
3. vigilaverunt
4. moves
5. clamavisti
6. paravi
7. portabatis
8. explicavistis
9. ducit
10. vigilant
11. they groaned
12. we were eating dinner
13. you (s) carried
14. he has shouted
15. they prepare
16. you (pl) did send
17. I dragged
18. It was sticking
19. We are sad
20. She has watched
Chapter 19 Verb Practice B
I. Translate the following verbs:
1. esuriebant
2. is
3. cenaverunt
4. iussisti
5. duxi
6. vigilatis
7. ii
8. praecurrebas
9. fugistis
10. doleo
11. agnovimus
12. pernoctant
13. nolebam
14. custodiebat
15. audivit
II. Give the Latin for:
16. we spent the night
17. I was guarding
18. you (s) flee
19. we were sad
20. they were
21. you (pl) ate dinner
22. we led
23. you (s) stayed awake
24. we were hungry
25. he ordered
26. you (p) went
27. I eat dinner
28. she was staying awake
29. they did love
30. we have seen
Here is the vocabulary quiz for Chapter 19:
Chapter 19 vocabulary
English to Latin Vocabulary Quiz
I. Translate the verbs:
1. cenavimus
2. esuriebat
3. vigilaverunt
4. moves
5. clamavisti
6. paravi
7. portabatis
8. explicavistis
9. ducit
10. vigilant
11. they groaned
12. we were eating dinner
13. you (s) carried
14. he has shouted
15. they prepare
16. you (pl) did send
17. I dragged
18. It was sticking
19. We are sad
20. She has watched
Chapter 19 Verb Practice B
I. Translate the following verbs:
1. esuriebant
2. is
3. cenaverunt
4. iussisti
5. duxi
6. vigilatis
7. ii
8. praecurrebas
9. fugistis
10. doleo
11. agnovimus
12. pernoctant
13. nolebam
14. custodiebat
15. audivit
II. Give the Latin for:
16. we spent the night
17. I was guarding
18. you (s) flee
19. we were sad
20. they were
21. you (pl) ate dinner
22. we led
23. you (s) stayed awake
24. we were hungry
25. he ordered
26. you (p) went
27. I eat dinner
28. she was staying awake
29. they did love
30. we have seen
Here is the vocabulary quiz for Chapter 19:
Chapter 19 vocabulary
English to Latin Vocabulary Quiz