Sextus writes a letter to his Father in this Chapter 40. He does not have an easy time living with the Cornelii and expresses that in his letter. He would write a litter similar to the one above that survives today. Sextus starts his letter with the standard abbreviation: S.P.D., we saw this earlier in chapter 36. Look there and see how Cornelia starts her letter.
In this Chapter we are going to learn about 'semi-deponent' verbs and Present Tense Participles.
We have already learned about Perfect tense participles: they are the fourth principal part of the verb and declined using the first/second declension adjective forms. Pretty easy. Well, the Present participles are the same except they use the third declension adjective endings. Sooooo, if you see third declension endings on a verb, guaranteed it is a present tense participle! Watch this video for both a review of the participles and tutorial of the present tense forms.
In this Chapter we are going to learn about 'semi-deponent' verbs and Present Tense Participles.
We have already learned about Perfect tense participles: they are the fourth principal part of the verb and declined using the first/second declension adjective forms. Pretty easy. Well, the Present participles are the same except they use the third declension adjective endings. Sooooo, if you see third declension endings on a verb, guaranteed it is a present tense participle! Watch this video for both a review of the participles and tutorial of the present tense forms.
The forms of the present participle are presented on page 135. They are really very easy and you know all the forms already. We will now do some online exercises to master these forms. Here is an 'identify the participle' exercise. It is a great way to begin developing the eye for third declension endings on verbs that tells us the present tense participle is here.
Identify the Participle
Now here is a phrase exercise, it is tricky but there are only five phrases to work with. The exercise gives feedback on the most correct response; although, there is no correct response since the phrases can be translated in a variety of ways. It is a good exercise for phrase translation.
Participle Phrases
Now do this exercise on the present tense participles:
Exercise
Participles express activity while modifying a noun so they function as adjectives. Try this exercise to express the present tense activity.
Action Adjectives
Let us take on an exercise translating present tense participles:
Participle Translation
Present participles can becomes nouns as in 'adstantes' meaning 'bystanders.' It literally means 'people standing near.' The people is just understood. So the participle becomes a noun, you can read about this on page 134. There is a short paragraph to explain this. When done, try this review:
Substantives
The last grammar lesson in this chapter is on 'semi-deponent' verbs discussed on page 132. Take a minute and read this. It is a variation on deponent verbs that we learned about earlier. Watch this video for a description:
Identify the Participle
Now here is a phrase exercise, it is tricky but there are only five phrases to work with. The exercise gives feedback on the most correct response; although, there is no correct response since the phrases can be translated in a variety of ways. It is a good exercise for phrase translation.
Participle Phrases
Now do this exercise on the present tense participles:
Exercise
Participles express activity while modifying a noun so they function as adjectives. Try this exercise to express the present tense activity.
Action Adjectives
Let us take on an exercise translating present tense participles:
Participle Translation
Present participles can becomes nouns as in 'adstantes' meaning 'bystanders.' It literally means 'people standing near.' The people is just understood. So the participle becomes a noun, you can read about this on page 134. There is a short paragraph to explain this. When done, try this review:
Substantives
The last grammar lesson in this chapter is on 'semi-deponent' verbs discussed on page 132. Take a minute and read this. It is a variation on deponent verbs that we learned about earlier. Watch this video for a description:
With this background, take on this exercise:
Semi-deponent verbs
Well done. Learn the vocabulary on pages 131 and 132, then do these exercises to master the words:
Vocabulary 1
Vocabulary 2
Vocabulary 3
You are in great shape to translate the story on page 131. Translate it, remembering to number the lines for ease of reference to back to the Latin.
The video below is a short discussion on letter-writing in the Ancient World. It was not an easy task and the expense of it forced the writer to be very thoughtful. For Cornelius to allow Sextus to write his Father, it was a big deal in material cost and sending expense. Read about letter-writing and book publishing on pages 137 and 138. The word 'volume' comes from 'volumen' that is a 'roll or scroll' and it had a 'titulus' or a small strip of papyrus identifying the contents that gives us the word 'title.'
Semi-deponent verbs
Well done. Learn the vocabulary on pages 131 and 132, then do these exercises to master the words:
Vocabulary 1
Vocabulary 2
Vocabulary 3
You are in great shape to translate the story on page 131. Translate it, remembering to number the lines for ease of reference to back to the Latin.
The video below is a short discussion on letter-writing in the Ancient World. It was not an easy task and the expense of it forced the writer to be very thoughtful. For Cornelius to allow Sextus to write his Father, it was a big deal in material cost and sending expense. Read about letter-writing and book publishing on pages 137 and 138. The word 'volume' comes from 'volumen' that is a 'roll or scroll' and it had a 'titulus' or a small strip of papyrus identifying the contents that gives us the word 'title.'
Quizzes
Take this quiz when told by your teacher:
Present Participle
Here is the vocabulary quiz, take this when told by your teacher. Bona Fata.
Vocabulary Quiz
English to Latin vocabulary quiz
Present Participle
Here is the vocabulary quiz, take this when told by your teacher. Bona Fata.
Vocabulary Quiz
English to Latin vocabulary quiz